23andMe is a gift as unique as those who receive it. It offers insights that are personal and often profound.



Throughout this holiday season, we’re highlighting a few people who shared&nbsp; how the gift of 23andMe changed their lives.



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



For Christmas a few years back Jarrod and Ginger Lyle gifted each other 23andMe Health + Ancestry kits.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-lifesaving-gift">A lifesaving Gift</h6>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="728" height="1024" src="http://35.88.189.111/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Jarrod-Ginger-728x1024.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-30889" srcset="https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Jarrod-Ginger-728x1024.jpeg 728w, https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Jarrod-Ginger-213x300.jpeg 213w, https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Jarrod-Ginger-768x1080.jpeg 768w, https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Jarrod-Ginger-626x880.jpeg 626w, https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Jarrod-Ginger-839x1180.jpeg 839w, https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Jarrod-Ginger.jpeg 1213w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Jarrod &amp; Ginger</figcaption></figure>



They were both just curious about what they might learn. Ginger, a nurse, was particularly interested in exploring her health reports.



“I thought it would be interesting to see if we had anything genetic pop up that could be helpful in our future or for our three children,” Ginger said.



But neither Ginger nor Jarrod expected that their Christmas gift might have saved his life.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-mutyh">MUTYH</h6>



Jarrod’s 23andMe reports indicated he had two variants for what is called <a href="https://www.23andme.com/topics/health-predispositions/mutyh-associated-polyposis/">MUTYH-associated polyposis.</a>* It&#8217;s an inherited condition that increases the risk for colorectal cancer. Neither of Jarrod nor Ginger had heard of it before. Being a nurse Ginger did some research. She also asked her coworkers about the condition, which is known by its acronym MAP. 



The couple quickly realized it wasn’t something that they should ignore, especially considering that Jarrod’s family had a history of colon cancer. So he followed up with his doctor.



“I just turned 43, I still had a few years to go [before regular screenings] but I thought we should go get it checked out,” Jarrod said.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-healthy-future">A healthy future</h6>



The pandemic and some issues with their insurance delayed Jarrod getting in to see a specialist. But eventually he went through a series of colonoscopies where doctors found dozens of polyps that were removed, only to find more six months later. 



Each time the doctors said the polyps were benign. However, given his family’s history of colon cancer, and his genetic health risk, he decided to meet with a geneticist. Additional scans found more polyps. He discussed his options with his doctors. Jarrod decided to have his colon and rectum removed to reduce his risk for cancer.



Jarrod’s doctor believes that if he waited until he was 50 for a routine colonoscopy Jarrod would have had progressive cancer. Ginger said 23andMe turned out to be a much bigger gift than she’d ever expected.



“This test has saved my husband’s future, with myself and our children,” she said. “So thankful this was found, and my 43-year-old husband can hopefully have a healthy and long future!’



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



*The 23andMe PGS test uses qualitative genotyping to detect select clinically relevant variants in the genomic DNA of adults from saliva for the purpose of reporting and interpreting genetic health risks, including the 23andMe PGS Genetic Health Risk Report for MUTYH-Associated Polyposis. Your ethnicity may affect the relevance of each report and how your genetic health risk results are interpreted. The test is not intended to diagnose any disease and does not describe a person’s overall risk of developing any type of cancer. It is not intended to tell you anything about your current state of health, or to be used to make medical decisions, including whether or not you should take a medication, how much of a medication you should take, or determine any treatments. Warnings &amp; Limitations: The 23andMe PGS Genetic Health Risk Report for MUTYH-Associated Polyposis is indicated for reporting the Y179C and G396D variants in the MUTYH gene and an increased risk for colorectal cancer.&nbsp; The two variants included in

23andMe Blog

23andMe Blog Team

A Gift of Health

23andMe is a gift as unique as those who receive it. It offers insights that are personal and often profound.



Throughout this holiday season, we’re highlighting a few people who shared&nbsp; how the gift of 23andMe changed their lives.



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



For Christmas one year, Josh King received a 23andMe Health + Ancestry kit. Josh assumed his results would tell him a bit about his genealogy.



<figure class="wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://35.88.189.111/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Josh-King-tw.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-30886" width="300" height="272" srcset="https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Josh-King-tw.jpg 600w, https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Josh-King-tw-300x272.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Josh King</figcaption></figure>



“But I had no idea it would be pivotal to my personal health,” he said.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-hereditary-hemochromatosis">Hereditary hemochromatosis</h6>



After returning his sample to the lab and waiting a few weeks, he received an email that his reports were ready. Josh was surprised to learn he had two genetic variants that made him much more likely to develop something called hereditary hemochromatosis.* 



Hemochromatosis is a genetic condition that can lead to iron overload. That can in turn cause damage to the joints, liver, pancreas, or heart, among other things. 



It’s a genetic condition that can lead to iron overload, which in turn can cause damage to the joints, liver, pancreas, or heart, among other things. It’s most common in people of Northern European ancestry, and symptoms are usually diagnosed in males between the ages of 40 and 60. Josh was in his early 30s at the time.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-visit-to-the-doctor">A visit to the doctor</h6>



Accordingly, he went to see his doctor, shared with him his report. Confirmatory testing from his doctor showed that Josh indeed had iron overload. His doctor told him he had never diagnosed the condition in someone as young as Josh. Fortunately treatment is relatively straightforward, regular blood draws and reducing alcohol and iron-rich food in your diet.



“I have spoken with many people who are hesitant about genetic health data &#8211; they&#8217;re not sure they would want to know any negative news,” Josh said. “I gently suggest they get over it. Data is your friend. These genetic markers are not the indelible hand of fate. You might learn something that you can easily manage now and add years, or decades, to your life.”&nbsp;



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



 *The 23andMe PGS test uses qualitative genotyping to detect select clinically relevant variants in the genomic DNA of adults from saliva for the purpose of reporting and interpreting genetic health risks. It is not intended to diagnose any disease. Your ethnicity may affect the relevance of each report and how your genetic health risk results are interpreted. Each genetic health risk report describes if a person has variants associated with a higher risk of developing a disease, but does not describe a person’s overall risk of developing the disease. The test is&nbsp; not intended to tell you anything about your current state of health, or to be used to make medical decisions, including whether or not you should take a medication, how much of a medication you should take, or determine any treatment.The Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HFE?Related) genetic health risk report is indicated for reporting of the C282Y and H63D variants in the HFE gene and describes if a person has variants associated with an increased risk of developing iron overload related to hereditary hemochromatosis.&nbsp; The variants included in this report are best studied in people of European descent.

A Gift of Knowing

An Australian actor’s <a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2022/11/chris-hemsworth-exclusive-interview-alzheimers-limitless">recent announcement </a>that he has two copies of the APOE4 variant – which is linked to an increased risk of developing<a href="https://www.23andme.com/topics/health-predispositions/late-onset-alzheimers/"> late-onset Alzheimer’s disease</a> – has been making headlines all over the world.



There are actually two types of Alzheimer’s disease: late-onset and early-onset. Late-onset Alzheimer’s is the most common, with symptoms of memory loss, cognitive decline, and personality changes beginning after the age of 65.&nbsp;



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="435" height="310" src="http://35.88.189.111/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/alzheimers.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-1902" srcset="https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/alzheimers.jpg 435w, https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/alzheimers-300x214.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 435px) 100vw, 435px" /></figure>



In the United States alone, about<a href="https://www.alz.org/media/Documents/alzheimers-facts-and-figures.pdf"> 6.5 million people</a> age 65 and older are living with late-onset Alzheimer’s. And that figure is expected to almost <a href="https://www.alz.org/media/documents/alzheimers-facts-and-figures.pdf">double</a> by 2050.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-understanding-alzheimer-s">Understanding Alzheimer’s</h6>



Late-onset Alzheimer’s is progressive, which means it develops over time. Early stages may result in mild cognitive impairments beyond what would be expected as a natural result of aging.



According to the CDC, <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/aging/healthybrain/ten-warning-signs.html">symptoms</a> of Alzheimer’s can include:



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Memory loss that disrupts normal life.&nbsp;</li>



<li>Challenges in planning or solving problems.&nbsp;</li>



<li>Difficulty completing familiar tasks at home, at work, or at leisure.</li>



<li>Confusion with time or place.&nbsp;</li>



<li>Trouble understanding visual images and spatial relations.</li>



<li>New problems with words in speaking or writing.</li>



<li>Misplacing things and losing the ability to retrace steps.</li>



<li>Decreased or poor judgment.</li>



<li>Withdrawal from work or social activities.</li>



<li>Changes in mood and personality.</li>
</ul>



In later stages, as the disease becomes more severe, these symptoms may become more pronounced, and daily functioning can be severely impaired.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-are-the-causes">What are the causes?</h6>



Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease is influenced by genetics, but genetics is only one component of why some people develop the condition.



Researchers believe that a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors all play a role.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-apoe4-connection">The APOE4 connection</h6>



The E4 variant in the APOE gene is the most common genetic variant associated with an increased risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Having one copy increases the risk by around threefold. Two copies of the APOE4 gene increase risk by around<a href="https://www.alz.org/media/Documents/alzheimers-facts-and-figures.pdf"> eight-to 12-fold</a>, although the impact of the E4 variant on risk may vary based on a person’s ethnicity.&nbsp;



The APOE gene is involved in making a protein called apolipoprotein E, which helps control the levels of cholesterol and fats in the blood. It is not known exactly how the E4 variant increases the risk of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease.&nbsp;



It’s important to note that having one or two copies of the E4 variant does not mean that you will necessarily develop late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. There are other genetic and non-genetic factors that also play a role, including age, family health history, sex, heart health, and ethnicity.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-can-i-find-out-if-i-have-an-increased-genetic-risk">How can I find out if I have an increased genetic risk?</h6>



You can find out whether you may have an increased risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer’s disease based on your genetics with the 23andMe <a href="https://you.23andme.com/reports/ghr.alzheimers/">Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease Genetic Health Risk report</a>*, which looks for the E4 variant.&nbsp;



According to our data, APOE is among the most sought-after reports by consumers pursuing their own genetic testing. And research suggests there might be a benefit to knowing your genetic status. A study published in<a href="https://www.gimjournal.org/article/S1098-3600(21)02602-2/fulltext"> Genetics in Medicine</a> found that while some consumers experienced adverse short-term psychological reactions to receiving APOE results, nearly all experienced long-term benefits from receiving this information and making subsequent lifestyle changes.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-can-i-reduce-my-risk-of-developing-alzheimer-s">How can I reduce my risk of developing Alzheimer’s?</h6>



While there is currently <a href="https://www.alz.org/media/Documents/alzheimers-facts-and-figures.pdf">no cure</a> for Alzheimer’s, there are six FDA-approved drugs on the market for those who have the condition. Most of these drugs are focused on easing symptoms.&nbsp;&nbsp;However, research suggests it’s possible to reduce your overall risk of developing the disease by making lifestyle changes. 



For example, several<a href="https://aaic.alz.org/releases_2019/AAIC19-Wed-release-NewResearch.asp"> 2019 studies</a> found that healthy lifestyle habits like exercise, healthy diet, abstaining from smoking, and cognitive stimulation were associated with a lower risk of developing the disease.



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



*The 23andMe PGS test uses qualitative genotyping to detect select clinically relevant variants in the genomic DNA of adults from saliva for the purpose of reporting and interpreting genetic health risks. It is not intended to diagnose any disease. Your ethnicity may affect the relevance of each report and how your genetic health risk results are interpreted. Each genetic health risk report describes if a person has variants associated with a higher risk of developing a disease, but does not describe a person’s overall risk of developing the disease. The test is not intended to tell you anything about your current state of health, or to be used to make medical decisions, including whether or not you should take a medication, how much of a medication you should take, or determine any treatment. &nbsp;The Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease genetic health risk report is indicated for reporting of the E4 variant in the APOE gene and describes if a person has a variant associated with an increased risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. The E4 variant included in this report is found and has been studied in many ethnicities. Detailed risk estimates have been studied the most in people of European descent.&nbsp;

The APOE Gene and Alzheimer’s Risk

Not too long ago, 23andMe launched a <a href="https://www.23andme.com/sarcoidosis-representation/">new study of sarcoidosis</a>, specifically aimed at better understanding the underlying genetic and environmental factors that contribute to sarcoidosis in individuals with African ancestry.&nbsp;



Sarcoidosis (pronounced SAR-COY-DOE-SIS) is a rare inflammatory disease affects the Black community at double the rate of white individuals, and can affect any organ, but most often, it occurs in the lungs. A study published in 2015 indicated that African-Americans were <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1378%2Fchest.14-1120">twelve times more likely</a> to die from the condition than patients of other ethnicities.&nbsp;



Participants in our <a href="https://www.23andme.com/sarcoidosis-representation/">Representation in Sarcoidosis Research Study</a> have already begun sharing their own experiences with the disease. As people have consented to participate in our study, we are learning in real-time more about their earliest symptoms, the types of symptoms, and the treatments they’re using.



Our goal with this study is to gain new insight into the condition leading to potential new treatments or cures. That’s the hope as we work to recruit 2,000 individuals diagnosed with sarcoidosis with African ancestry.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-new-data">New data</h6>



There is much we do not understand about sarcoidosis. It’s an insidious disease that can progress slowly without any obvious symptoms. It affects people of any age or ethnicity, but it’s usually diagnosed in adults between the ages of 30 and 40. It disproportionately affects people of African ancestry and is also more common in women.



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-medium"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="234" src="http://35.88.189.111/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Data-Screen-300x234.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-30871" srcset="https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Data-Screen-300x234.jpg 300w, https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Data-Screen.jpg 531w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></figure>



While we still have a long way to go in our efforts, we’re already learning more about the condition.&nbsp;



For example, among individuals participating in 23andMe’s study, we see that the most commonly reported symptoms were granulomas in the lungs or lymph nodes. Granulomas are tiny nodules where immune cells clump together at the site of an infection or inflammation. Almost 60 percent of those in the study reported granulomas on their lungs. About half said they had them on their lymph nodes. Other common symptoms of sarcoidosis are swollen lymph nodes, rashes, blurred vision, and joint pain or swelling.



23andMe’s early data shows a slightly higher prevalence among women participating in our study. It also shows a higher incidence among African Americans throughout our database. However, the latter may have more to do with our recruitment efforts.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading">Other symptoms</h6>



The data we have now is from both participants in the study and from customers who previously consented to participate in research. This preliminary data shows that lung scarring, also known as pulmonary fibrosis, is more prevalent among African Americans. The data we have so far also indicates that about a third (33 percent) of African Americans with sarcoidosis reported having lung scarring. This is compared to about 29 percent of all participants.&nbsp;&nbsp;



You can get sarcoidosis at any age. But the risk increases as you get older, especially after age 55. The average age of diagnosis among our study participants is 41, but four years younger among African Americans in the study.



Common symptoms for sarcoidosis are fatigue, pain, and swelling. When the condition affects the lungs, symptoms often include persistent coughs and shortness of breath. When it affects the heart, the symptoms often result in an irregular heartbeat or swelling of the heart, known as edema. There currently is no cure and few approved treatments.



We’re learning how our data parallels what we generally know about sarcoidosis&#8217;s earliest symptoms and progression. But we’re also interested in the potential of how this data might offer new insights into the condition. We’re encouraged by how those insights might push us closer to finding new treatments for the disease.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading">Rare disease research</h6>



This study is among a host of studies 23andMe has recently undertaken, looking specifically at rare diseases. Rare disease is defined as conditions that affect fewer than 200,000 people in the US. It is often difficult to find and recruit enough people with the condition, and this is especially the case among the underrepresented population.



<figure class="wp-block-image size-medium"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="184" src="http://35.88.189.111/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Visualize-GWAS-300x184.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-30872" srcset="https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Visualize-GWAS-300x184.jpg 300w, https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Visualize-GWAS.jpg 616w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></figure>



However 23andMe&#8217;s research model is uniquely suited to <a href="https://blog.23andme.com/23andme-research/new-way-to-study-rare-disease/">studying rare diseases</a>. And in the months since launching the Representation in Sarcoidosis Research Study, we’re already seeing the power of our research model to quickly recruit individuals. This is in part because participation isn&#8217;t dependent on geography. People can participate in 23andMe research from home. 



Just as with most other rare diseases, there is a strong genetic component to sarcoidosis. But many genetic variants associated with the condition have not yet been identified.&nbsp;



Learn more about 23andMe’s sarcoidosis study <a href="https://www.23andme.com/sarcoidosis-representation/">here</a>. Questions about the study? Contact us at sarcoidosis-representation@23andme.com.

A logo for the 23andMe sarcoidosis research

A Check-In on 23andMe’s Sarcoidosis Research Study

Despite a lingering pandemic, most people in the US say they feel less stressed or anxious this year compared to earlier in the pandemic, according to a new survey by 23andMe.



In this third holiday under the shadow of COVID-19, people appear to have adjusted to the new normal and are more optimistic about their health. Many have returned to their traditional holiday celebrations, according to the survey.&nbsp;&nbsp;



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-stress-and-anxiety-remains">Stress and Anxiety remains</h6>



However, about 14 percent say they still feel stressed, and more than 11 percent said they’re anxious about the future. And about 77 percent of those surveyed said they still feel some sort of negativity around their health.



But stress levels have significantly dropped since the beginning of the pandemic, with only about 14 percent of those surveyed saying they were stressed, compared to more than 47 percent in 2020. Similarly, only about 5 percent said they were more depressed this year than last, compared to almost 32 percent in 2020.



Beyond this survey, 23andMe has done extensive research on the genetics of depression and anxiety, which has downstream impacts on health. Anxiety disorders like depression and anxiety are <a href="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/major-depression">very common</a>. Up to three-in-ten people in the U.S. will be diagnosed with one during their lifetime, according to prevalence <a href="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/any-anxiety-disorder">statistics</a> from the National Institute of Mental Health. Researchers believe that genetics combine with other factors to influence how likely an individual is to develop an anxiety disorder.&nbsp;



<h6 class="wp-block-heading">A focus on health</h6>



The survey commissioned by 23andMe and conducted by SurveyMonkey on U.S. adults in early November, found that health is understandably a focus for many people. Almost half of the respondents who said they’re focused on their health also said they planned to make healthy lifestyle changes in the new year with a focus on their diet and weight.



Many of those surveyed said the pandemic had impacted their waistline in the last year, with about 12 percent saying they gained weight.



People are also feeling less isolated this year. Perhaps contributing to that shift in optimism is a renewed connection to family and friends. The percentage of respondents who feel less connected to friends and family dropped from 48 percent in 2020 to just 5 percent in 2022. The survey showed a similar drop in the percentage of people saying they were depressed, going from 32 percent in 2020 to just 5 percent this year.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading">More family bonding this holiday season</h6>



Lockdowns meant that in the first year of the pandemic, most people said they’d canceled family holiday plans, preferring to stay at home. But this year, that has shifted. Only about 17 percent of people said they would not be having a traditional holiday this year, compared to 62 percent in 2020.



More than 40 percent of those surveyed said they’re returning to their traditional holiday plans this year, and one in five people said they never changed their traditional celebration throughout the whole pandemic.



This is in stark contrast to 2020 when 41 percent of those surveyed said they weren&#8217;t traveling for the holidays, and 34 percent said their friends and family also didn’t plan to visit them.

Despite COVID-19 People Less Anxious This Holiday

At Thanksgiving, families gather and talk about the present and the past. This chance to revisit family history also offers an opportunity to collectively talk about your family health history. November 24th isn’t just Thanksgiving Day; it’s also <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/genomics/famhistory/knowing_not_enough.htm">National Family Health History Day</a>. 



A family health history can be an invaluable tool for managing one&#8217;s own health and learning about conditions that may run in families. While medical topics can be a sensitive area for some people, the holiday offers you and your family a unique opportunity to document your health history. So, we’ve gathered a few tips to get you started.



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="683" src="http://35.88.189.111/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/GettyImages-974762120-1024x683.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-30182" srcset="https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/GettyImages-974762120-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/GettyImages-974762120-300x200.jpg 300w, https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/GettyImages-974762120-768x512.jpg 768w, https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/GettyImages-974762120-880x587.jpg 880w, https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/GettyImages-974762120-1180x787.jpg 1180w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>



<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li>When it comes to health, it&#8217;s personal.</li>
</ol>



Keep in mind that medical history can be personal. Start by talking to relatives in your immediate family or others you know well. Be respectful of their privacy, and don&#8217;t ask them to share information if they do not feel comfortable. If you connect with new relatives due to discovering unexpected family relationships, it may require patience. Part of building a connection with a newly discovered family is balancing openness and respect for personal decisions and privacy. 



<ol class="wp-block-list" start="2">
<li>Take advantage of family gatherings.</li>
</ol>



Holidays, celebrations, reunions, and other family gatherings are great times to connect with family members. Try introducing the general idea of putting together a detailed family health history record and explaining why you are asking the questions. Consider setting up a time to speak to family members individually to help protect more sensitive information.



<ol class="wp-block-list" start="3">
<li>Talk to your elders.</li>
</ol>



The older generations of your family are often the ones who knew relatives who have since passed and are the keepers of that family history. Be sure to let them tell their story and ask follow-up questions. Sometimes, telling a story out loud can help someone remember important details.



<ol class="wp-block-list" start="4">
<li>Write it down.</li>
</ol>



Many medical conditions sound the same. Don’t expect to remember everything—be sure to write down what you learn and keep track of the information in a safe place. You can even record the conversation with an audio recorder or voice memo apps. The US Surgeon General has a tool to help you record Family Health History called “My Family Health Portrait.”



<ol class="wp-block-list" start="5">
<li>Identify a family historian.</li>
</ol>



You might be comfortable being a family historian and asking relatives for details about their lives. Or you might be like many others and know nothing at all. Try designating one person in the family to collect and share health information with other family members. If that person becomes someone other than you, share the tips above with them! 



You’ve gathered the family health history. Now what? Read more about putting your family health history to work.

Five Tips for Talking to Relatives About Medical History

<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="683" src="http://35.88.189.111/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/iStock-596802262-1-1024x683.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-25889" srcset="https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/iStock-596802262-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/iStock-596802262-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/iStock-596802262-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/iStock-596802262-1-880x587.jpg 880w, https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/iStock-596802262-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/iStock-596802262-1.jpg 1254w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>



You’re not sure there’s enough turkey to go around, everyone’s had a little too much to drink, and you’re stuck making small talk with a third cousin you just met.



When you’re gathered around the Thanksgiving table with friends and relatives of all generations, you don’t want to add to your stress by dredging up old family dramas or bringing up potentially divisive topics.



So we’ve compiled some safe subjects that capture the holiday spirit and remove stress from the menu–from Neanderthal families to the genetics of gratitude. Consider them three secret ingredients for an interesting–and conflict-free-dinner conversation.&nbsp;



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-family-ties">Family ties</h6>



In the past several decades, we’ve learned quite a bit about Neanderthals, our closest extinct human relative who disappeared roughly 40,000 years ago.



There’s evidence that Neanderthals used tools, created art, and, as a result of interbreeding with modern humans, left a<a href="https://blog.23andme.com/articles/why-23andme-love-neanderthals-and-you-should-too/"> genetic legacy</a> that impacts many of us today.



And a new discovery suggests they may even have shared some of our social structures.



An international research team<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05283-y"> identified</a> the first known Neanderthal family: a father, his teenage daughter, and others who appear to be close cousins.



The family was found alongside stone tools and bison bones in Chagyrskaya Cave, located in the Altai Mountains near the Russian border with Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and China.&nbsp;



Researchers used the DNA from vertebrae, teeth, and other bones to learn more about this Neanderthal family–from their social organization to their migration and interaction patterns.



They found very little genetic diversity within this clan, suggesting that Neanderthals in this area lived in small groups.



But they did discover a high degree of diversity in the mitochondrial DNA passed from mothers to their children. This indicates that these Neanderthal women tended to leave the group where they were born and move from band to band. 



Spur some dialogue this Thanksgiving by contemplating the role our distant Neanderthal cousins played in the human story. You can even view and compare evidence of Neanderthal ancestry in your genome with 23andMe’s <a href="https://customercare.23andme.com/hc/en-us/articles/212873707-Neanderthal-Ancestry-Report-Basics#:~:text=With%20the%20Neanderthal%20Ancestry%20Report,ancestor%20and%20then%20converged%20again.">Neanderthal Report</a>.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cheers">Cheers</h6>



Why does a glass of cabernet turn your cheeks red but only makes your opinionated uncle louder? Look to the <a href="https://www.23andme.com/topics/wellness/alcohol-flush-reaction/">ALDH2 gene</a>, which contains instructions for making a protein that helps the body process alcohol.&nbsp;



When we drink, a toxin called acetaldehyde is produced as the body breaks down the alcohol. The body then clears out this toxin by breaking it down further.&nbsp;



In people with a particular ALDH2 genetic variant, this enzyme is less efficient at clearing away acetaldehyde than in people without the variant, which can result in what’s known as the alcohol flush reaction and other unpleasant symptoms like nausea and sleepiness.



The variant is most common in individuals with East Asian ancestry. Scientists believe the alcohol flush variant first appeared in ancient China due to a random genetic mutation and spread to neighboring regions as people migrated.



When you’re passing the wine around this year, consider how your genetic makeup can influence your tastes and preferences. And you might even think about serving a good non-alcoholic drink option, too.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-genetics-of-gratitude">The genetics of gratitude</h6>



Thanksgiving offers a moment to pause–take stock–and be grateful for what we have. But some may find it easier to feel and express gratitude than others.



Genetics may help explain that gap.



In a study published in<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24396004/"> Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience</a>, researchers from the University of North Carolina and Ohio State found that specific variants in the CD38 gene were associated with the quality and frequency of expressions of gratitude toward a romantic partner both in the lab and in daily life.



The CD38 gene is a regulator of oxytocin release and social processes. <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=23andme+blog+oxytocin&amp;oq=23andme+blog+oxytocin&amp;aqs=chrome..69i57j33i160.2940j0j7&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8">Oxytocin</a> is a neuropeptide that impacts pro-social behaviors like trust and affection. It’s involved in all social interactions–from caring for an infant to hugging a romantic partner.



COMT may be another gene that influences gratitude. A<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032716316329?via%3Dihub"> 2017 study</a> revealed that individuals with one version of this gene experienced more gratitude, while people with another variant reported feeling less grateful.



Whether you’re genetically disposed to appreciation or not, there’s still a slew of well-documented benefits for giving thanks around the table, including higher levels of self-reported<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17439760.2011.602099"> well-being</a> and better<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3489271/"> physical health</a>.&nbsp;

Genetic Conversation Starters for the Thanksgiving Table

Recently discovered 17 donor siblings? Unsure when to tell your cousin about her secret sister?



No genetic testing conundrum is too big—or too complicated—for Chelsea Handler.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-dear-chelsea">Dear Chelsea</h6>



The comedian and TV personality brought her signature blend of caustic, straightforward humor to the latest episode of<a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spit/id1422827494"> Spit</a>, an iHeartMedia and 23andMe podcast.



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-larger"><img decoding="async" src="http://35.88.189.111/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Dear_Chelsea-880x880.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-30778"/></figure>



Spit, which is hosted by Baratunde Thurston, explores how DNA gives us a new perspective on who we are and how we are all connected. The show looks at both the personal and the broader implications of genetic testing with a mix of analysis, camaraderie, and the intimacy that comes from people sharing their stories.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-family-history">Family History</h6>



Over the course of 47 minutes, Chelsea answered listener questions and doled out expletive-laden advice.&nbsp;



She reflected on her family history (she’s 50% Ashkenazi Jewish) and revealed some of the health insights she discovered after taking the 23andMe Health + Ancestry Service, including one of her Pharmacogenetic reports that predicted she was an ultrarapid drug metabolizer* and may process certain medications faster (a result she deemed “very on the nose”).&nbsp;



When caller Katie wondered if she should spill the beans about a secret sister just a week before her cousin’s wedding, Chelsea dove into the notion of responsibility, and suggested that Katie’s dad should be the one to break the news. “I would encourage your dad to have that conversation and also let him know – if he doesn’t, you will,” she said. “I like threatening people,” she joked, “I think that’s a great approach.”



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-text-color has-foreground-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-foreground-background-color has-background is-style-wide"/>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading has-small-font-size" id="h-note">NOTE</h6>



*23andMe PGS Pharmacogenetics reports: The 23andMe test uses qualitative genotyping to detect 3 variants in the CYP2C19 gene, 2 variants in the DPYD gene and 1 variant in the SLCO1B1 gene in the genomic DNA of adults from saliva for the purpose of reporting and interpreting information about the processing of certain therapeutics to inform discussions with a healthcare professional. It does not describe if a person will or will not respond to a particular therapeutic and does not describe the association between detected variants and any specific therapeutic. 



Our CYP2C19 Pharmacogenetics report provides certain information about variants associated with metabolism of some therapeutics and provides interpretive drug information regarding the potential effect of citalopram and clopidogrel therapy. Results for SLCO1B1 and DPYD and certain CYP2C19 results should be confirmed by an independent genetic test prescribed by your own healthcare provider before taking any medical action. Warning: Test information should not be used to start, stop, or change any course of treatment and does not test for all possible variants that may affect metabolism or protein function. The PGS test is not a substitute for visits to a healthcare professional. Making changes to your current regimen can lead to harmful side effects or reduced intended benefits of your medication, therefore consult with your healthcare professional before taking any medical action. For important information and limitations regarding Pharmacogenetics reports, visit 23andme.com/test-info/pharmacogenetics

Comedian Chelsea Handler Has (Almost) All the Answers

This week, we released a new 23andMe+ report Powered by 23andMe Research on Hashimoto’s disease, an autoimmune condition that leads to damage to the thyroid gland and a decline in the production of thyroid hormones.



For those with Hashimoto’s disease, the damage to the thyroid often leads to thyroid hormone deficiency, known as hypothyroidism.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-understanding-hashimoto-s-disease">Understanding Hashimoto’s disease</h6>



The thyroid is a small gland in the lower part of the neck just in front of the trachea. The gland produces thyroid hormones that help regulate such things as our metabolism, heart rate and body temperature. The overproduction or underproduction of those hormones can lead to a host of problems.



In the case of Hashimoto’s disease, also known as Hashimoto thyroiditis, the body’s own immune system triggers inflammation of the thyroid. This damages the thyroid and over time it can’t produce enough hormones to properly regulate these bodily functions. This is known as hypothyroidism.



In some cases, the inflammation of the thyroid might also lead to noticeable swelling in the lower neck, which is called a goiter.



It’s estimated that about five percent of the population in the US have hypothyroidism. Women are more likely to be diagnosed with Hashimoto’s disease.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-new-report">A New Report</h6>



<figure class="wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://35.88.189.111/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Hashimoto-2.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-30678" width="283" height="391" title="hashimotos-story-1.b2dd63bb9ff2" srcset="https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Hashimoto-2.jpg 566w, https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Hashimoto-2-217x300.jpg 217w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 283px) 100vw, 283px" /></figure>



23andMe’s new Hashimoto’s disease report is powered by data from people who have consented to participate in 23andMe research. It uses machine learning techniques to estimate an individual’s likelihood of developing Hashimoto’s disease.



This estimate is made using a statistical model that includes 11,786 genetic markers associated with Hashimoto’s disease, as well as information on an individual’s ethnicity and birth sex. See our <a href="https://permalinks.23andme.com/pdf/23_21-PRSMethodology_May2020.pdf">white paper</a> to learn more about the science behind the report.



Beyond genetics, there are other factors that influence a person’s likelihood of developing Hashimoto’s disease. There’s medical consensus that a healthy lifestyle&nbsp; promotes a healthier immune system and thyroid. So, a balanced diet with healthy levels of vitamins and minerals is important for keeping one’s thyroid healthy, as is regular exercise and sleep.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-hashimoto-s-disease-symptoms">Hashimoto’s Disease Symptoms</h6>



<figure class="wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://35.88.189.111/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Hashimoto-1.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-30677" width="304" height="418" srcset="https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Hashimoto-1.jpg 608w, https://blogcms.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Hashimoto-1-218x300.jpg 218w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 304px) 100vw, 304px" /></figure>



For those with Hashimoto’s disease, the symptoms can vary between people and change over time as the thyroid produces fewer hormones.



Some of the more common symptoms are profound fatigue, a sensitivity to cold, stiffness in the joints or muscle pain. In addition, those with the condition may also gain weight or deal with constipation. Many also suffer from depression.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-managing-hashimoto-s-disease">Managing Hashimoto’s Disease</h6>



Treatment for Hashimoto’s disease typically involves the use of thyroid hormone supplements. This can help alleviate many of the symptoms, and it can reduce the risk of developing some long-term problems with the disease.



However, left untreated, hypothyroidism from the condition can lead to other health problems. Some of those problems include heart disease, complications in pregnancy and reproductive dysfunctions.



If you have concerns about Hashimoto’s disease, talk to a healthcare professional.



<h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-learn-more">Learn More</h6>



23andMe’s new Hashimoto’s disease report (powered by 23andMe Research) is available to 23andMe+ members. To view your report, go <a href="https://you.23andme.com/reports/prs.hashimotos/">here</a>.



Not a customer? Find out more<a href="https://www.23andme.com/membership/"> here</a>.

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